[喜悦]爱荷华州数字资产法案重新定义个人财产

爱荷华州司法委员会批准了一项看似前进的数字财物法案，对《统一商法典》进行了严重修订，明确旨在将数字财物和电子记载归入商业买卖。该法案名为 House File 2519，标题为“与商业买卖有关的法案，包含电子记载和数字财物的操控和传输”。

正如司法委员会 2 月 15 日经过 TrackBill 监测的报告所述，这项立法旨在解决商业法令框架内数字财物带来的复杂性和机遇。经过供给一种细致入微的电子记载操控和传输办法，该法案许诺进步数字买卖的法令清晰度和安全性，满意不断发展的数字经济的需求。

House File 2519 经过为“可控电子记载”、“数字财物”和“智能合约”等术语供给全面的界说，澄清了数字财物的法令地位。这种精确性旨在削减歧义并为数字商务营建更安全的环境。但是，州、联邦和国际司法管辖区之间的此类界说或许存在差异，这增加了数字财物服务供给商的潜在复杂性。

将数字财物视为个人财产

但是，新的界说是该法案的一个要害方面。该法案供认2022年《统一商法典修正案》第12条中智能合约的合法性，规则不能仅仅由于合同是经过分布式账本技能或智能合约履行而否认其法令效力或可履行性。这保证了智能合约在满意某些条件时自动履行合同条款，与传统合同具有相同的法令地位。

此外，该法案还引用了 2022 年法案中促进经过电子方式记载房地产的规则。详细来说，它强调了假如转让证据契合州法令概述的一般要求，并且格式契合电子服务体系设定的规范，则该县记载房地产转让的才能。该法案规则，该体系使各县和爱荷华县记载员协会可以协作施行县土地记载信息体系。

Building on these aspects of the 2022 Act, House File 2519 aims to amend and add to the legal framework surrounding digital assets, focusing on adjusting the definition of “digital asset.” The bill amends the definition by eliminating exceptions previously recognized under the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). This means that certain electronic records previously excluded from being considered digital assets, such as electronic records representing an interest in specific physical or tangible property (chattel) or a lease of such property, are no longer excluded.

For example, suppose a business takes out a loan to purchase a piece of equipment, and the loan agreement also grants the lender a security interest in that equipment as collateral. In that case, the document detailing this arrangement can be considered chattel paper. If this document is created, signed, and stored electronically, it’s an electronic record evidencing chattel paper. This digital form is increasingly common in today’s digital and financial transactions, offering a more secure and efficient way to electronically manage and transfer interests in real-world assets (RWA).

The amendment simplifies the classification of digital assets, treating them simply as personal property rather than specifically as intangible personal property. This is a shift from the possible previous categorization that might have considered digital assets more narrowly as intangible personal property. This broader classification could have implications for how digital assets are treated in various legal and commercial contexts, providing a more straightforward approach to their classification.

Intangible personal property historically referred to rights and licenses, whereas tOKenized RWAs related to real estate may be more appropriately treated as personal property akin to physical property.

These provisions reflect House File 2519’s approach to further integrating digital assets into Iowa’s commercial and legal frameworks. By amending the definition of digital assets and clarifying their classification, the bill aims to simplify and modernize the regulatory environment for digital assets, making it more conducive to the evolving digital economy. Additionally, by defining terms such as “electronic services system,” the bill provides legal clarity for the operation of digital asset systems and services within the state.

Protections and recognition of digital assets

Interestingly, the legislation outlines no-action protection for qualifying purchasers of controllable electronic records, asserting that filing a financing statement under Article 9 does not constitute notice of a property right claim in a controllable electronic record.

立法中的这一规则意味着购买可控电子记载（例如数字财物或代币）的个人将获得法令维护，免受仅因缺乏财务报表而对其所有权提出质疑的索赔。从本质上讲，即使没有提交融资声明来揭露声明数字财物的担保权益，购买者对该财物的权利也受到维护。其目的是经过简化所有权证明并减轻参与数字买卖的各方的管理负担来简化买卖。

国家经过未经认可的中立立法与 CBDC 保持间隔。

该法案还明确指出，其条款不该被解释为支撑、认可、创立或施行国家数字货币。这一态度保证立法对于国家政府或中央银行会集发行的数字货币（CBDC）保持中立，而是将重点放在数字财物的监管框架上，而不促进或促进国家数字货币的树立。

House File 2519 对数字财物服务供给商和用户的潜在影响包含加强监管、增加法令和运营复杂性，以及需要进行技能调整以满意数字财物操控的法令规范。这些应战凸显了该法案全面测验使爱荷华州的法令框架习惯数字时代，平衡立异与法令清晰度和顾客维护。

House File 2519 代表着将数字财物归入该州法令环境的一步，旨在为数字买卖供给更安全、更清晰的法令框架。尽管该法案的详细办法引入了详细的监管和运营应战，但它也为加强支撑数字经济的法令基础设施供给了时机。

此时快讯

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